WHAT IS THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA - A REPUBLIC, OR A DEMOCRACY?

By: SCRIBE

02-14-2003

 

 

Today, we are constantly bombarded with references to our sacred "democracy." I have seen and heard it time and again! In the news, on TV, from our elected representatives. The problem, of course, is that our country is not a democracy. Our nation was founded as a Constitutionally limited Republic! Not to long in the past, everyone knew this, including all grammar school children. Remember the words from the Pledge of Allegiance: "and to the Republic for which it stands"...? Our Founding Fathers were concerned with Liberty and Rights, not democracy. In fact, the word democracy does not appear ONCE in the Declaration of Independence or the Constitution. On the contrary, Article IV, section 4 of the Constitution is quite clear: "The United States shall guarantee to every state in this Union a Republican Form of Government.

 

In fact, the Constitution is replete with undemocratic mechanisms. The First Amendment, for example, is utterly undemocratic. It was designed to protect unpopular speech against democratic fervor. Would the same elected representatives so enamored with democracy be willing to give up freedom of speech if the majority chose to do so? Next, take a look at the electoral college. This is as far from democracy as on can get! Small states are represented in national elections with greater electoral power than their populations would warrant in a purely democratic system. A sparsely populated state such as Wyoming has the same number of senators as a heavily populated state such as New York. The result is far from democratic, but the Founders knew that smaller states had to be protected against overreaching federal power. The Bill of Rights provides individuals with similar protections against the majority.

 

The Founders instituted a Constitutionally limited Republican system in order to protect individual rights and property rights from tyranny, regardless of whether the tyrant was king, monarchy, congress, or an unelected mob. They believed that a representative government, restrained by the Bill of Rights and divided into three power sharing branches, would balance the competing interests of the population. They also knew that unbridled democracy would lead to the same kind of tyranny suffered by the colonies under King George. In other words, the Founders had no illusions about democracy. Democracy represented unlimited rule by an omnipotent majority, while a Constitutionally limited Republic was seen as the best system to preserve liberty. The Founders knew that our Unalienable Rights and Individual Liberties, as enshrined in the Bill of Rights, would be threatened by the "excesses of democracy."

 

The Founders clearly understood the dangers of a democracy. At the close of the Constitutional Conventional in 1787, Benjamin Franklin told an inquisitive citizen that the delegates to the Constitutional Convention gave the people “a Republic, if you can keep it.” James Madison, the father of the Constitution, could not have been more explicit in his fear and concern for democracies. “Democracies,” he said, “have ever been spectacles of turbulence and contention; have ever been found incompatible with personal security or the rights of property; and have in general been as short in their lives as they have been violent in their death.” Edmund Randolph of Virginia described the effort to deal with the issue at the Constitutional Convention: “The general object was to produce a cure for the evils under which the United States labored; that in tracing these evils to their origins, every man had found it in the turbulence and follies of democracy.” These strongly held views regarding the evils of democracy and the benefits of a Constitutional Republic were shared by all the Founders. For them, a democracy meant centralized power, controlled by majority opinion, which was up for grabs and therefore completely arbitrary. In contrast, a Constitutional Republic was decentralized and representative in nature, with the government’s purpose strictly limited by the Constitution, with an emphasis to the protection of Liberty, Rights, and Private Property Ownership. They believed the majority should never be able to undermine this principle, and that the government had to be tightly held in check by Constitutional restraints!

 

The emphasis on democracy in our modern political discourse has no historical or Constitutional basis. The transition from republic to democracy was gradual, mostly occurring in the later half of the 20th century. Concerns about war and economic downturns (Events caused by an intrusive government’s failure to follow the binding restraints of the Constitution) allowed majority demands to supercede the rights of the minority. By the end of the 20th century, majority opinion had become the determining factor in all that government does. The rule of law was cast aside, leaving the Constitution a shell of what it once was; a Constitution with rules that guaranteed a Republic with limited federal powers, emphasis on regional (state or county) government, and Protection of Unalienable Rights and Personal Liberty. Our economy, private property ownership, and sound money were severely undermined with the acceptance of the principles of a true democracy. Unless we demand that our elected representatives return us to the Constitutional Republic left to us by our Founders, (which they bought and paid for with their blood), our Freedoms and Liberties will continue to erode! We may awake one day to a nation where we have NO Rights at all. Are you sure we are a democracy? I would say, look again!

 



SCRIBE

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